D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio) is a digital voice and data protocol specification developed as the result of research by the Japan Amateur Radio League to investigate digital technologies for amateur radio. While there are other digital on-air technologies being used by amateurs that have come from other services, D-STAR is one of the first on-air and packet-based standards to be widely deployed and sold by a major radio manufacturer that is designed specifically for amateur service use.
Other non-digital voice modes such as amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and single sideband have been widely used since the first half of the 20th century. By comparison, digital D-STAR signals offer clearer signals and use less bandwidth than their non-digital counterparts.[1] As long as the signal strength is above a minimum threshold, and no multi-path is occurring, the quality of the data received is better than an analog signal at the same strength.
D-STAR compatible radios are available on VHF, UHF, and microwave amateur radio bands. In addition to the over-the-air protocol, D-STAR also provides specifications for network connectivity, enabling D-STAR radios to be connected to the Internet or other networks and provisions for routing data streams of voice or packet data via amateur radio callsigns.
The first manufacturer to offer D-STAR compatible radios is Icom. As of February 1, 2013, no other amateur radio equipment manufacturer has chosen to include D-STAR technology in their radios. The technology requires the use of a proprietary AMBE Codecthat is owned by Digital Voice Systems, Inc.
The system today is capable of linking repeaters together locally and through the Internet utilizing callsigns for routing of traffic. Servers are linked via TCP/IP utilizing proprietary "gateway" software, available from Icom. This allows amateur radio operators to talk to any other amateur participating in a particular gateway "trust" environment. The current master gateway in the United States is operated by the K5TIT group in Texas, who were the first to install a D-STAR repeater system in the U.S.[7]
D-STAR transfers both voice and data via digital encoding over the 2 m (VHF), 70 cm (UHF), and 23 cm (1.2 GHz) amateur radio bands. There is also an interlinking radio system for creating links between systems in a local area on 10 GHz, which is valuable to allow emergency communications oriented networks to continue to link in the event of internet access failure or overload.
Within the D-STAR Digital Voice protocol standards (DV), voice audio is encoded as a 3600 bit/s data stream using proprietary AMBE encoding, with 1200 bit/s FEC, leaving 1200 bit/s for an additional data "path" between radios utilizing DV mode. On air bit rates for DV mode are 4800 bit/s over the 2 m, 70 cm and 23 cm bands.
In addition to DV mode, a high speed Digital Data (DD) mode can be sent at 128 kbit/s only on the 23 cm band. A higher-rate proprietary data protocol, currently believed to be much like ATM, is used in the 10 GHz "link" radios for site-to-site links.
Radios providing DV data service within the low-speed voice protocol variant typically use an RS-232 or USB connection for low speed data (1200 bit/s), while the Icom ID-1 23 cm band radio offers a standard Ethernet connection for high speed (128 kbit/s) connections, to allow easy interfacing with computer equipment.[8]
In 1999 an investigation was put into finding a new way of bringing digital technology to amateur radio. The process was funded by the Japanese government[citation needed] and administered by the Japan Amateur Radio League. In 2001, D-STAR was published as the result of the research and Icom entered the construction of the new digital technology by offering the hardware necessary to create this technology.
In September 2003 Icom named Matt Yellen, KB7TSE (now K7DN), to lead its US D-STAR development program.[2]
Starting in April 2004 Icom began releasing new "D-STAR optional" hardware. The first to be released commercially was a 2-meter mobile unit designated IC-2200H. Icom followed up with 2 meter and 440 MHz handheld transceivers the next year. However, the yet to be released UT-118 add-on card was required for these radios to operate in D-STAR mode. Eventually Icom began selling the card and once installed into the radios it provided D-STAR connectivity for each of the transceivers. The June 2005 edition of the ARRL's QST magazine reviewed the Icom IC-V82.
JARL released significant changes to the existing D-STAR standard in late 2004. Icom, aware that the changes were coming, had placed the release of their hardware on hold for a period of as much as a year while they awaited the changes. As soon as the changes were out, Icom announced they would be able to finish up and release equipment.
The Icom ID-1 1.2 GHz mobile radio was released in late 2004. The ID-1 was the first and so far only D-STAR radio that provides digital data (DD) mode operation. In this mode data via TCP/IP can be transferred at 128 kbit/s.
The first D-STAR over satelliteQSO occurred between Michael, N3UC, FM-18 in Haymarket, Virginia and Robin, AA4RC, EM-73 in Atlanta, Georgia while working AMSAT's AO-27 microsatellite (Miniaturized satellite) in 2007.[3] The two operators used a variety of Icom gear to make the contact and experienced slight difficulty with doppler shift during the QSO.
As of late 2009 there are around 10,800 D-STAR users talking through D-STAR repeaters which have connectivity to the Internet via the G2 Gateway. There are around 550 G2 enabled repeaters now active. Note, these numbers do not include the scores of users with D-STAR capabilities but not within range of a repeater, or working through D-STAR repeaters that do not have Internet connectivity.
The first D-STAR capable microsatellite was scheduled for launch during early 2012. OUFTI-1 is a CubeSat and is built by Belgian students at the University of Liège and I.S.I.L (Haute École de la Province de Liège). The name is an acronym for Orbital Utility For Telecommunication Innovation. The goal of the project is to develop experience in the different aspects of satellite design and operation.[4][5] The satellite weighs just 1 kilogram and will utilize a UHF uplink and a VHF downlink.[6]
Run only DSTAR nowadays and it will be with my Id 31 and Id880H. And I use my FWSIs and my DVRPTR V1 as my local hotspot. Is just me running DSTAR in Lidköping so there are no repeaters that I can use at close range. Hope later this spring that I'll get off my FWSIs and rasperry pi so that I can be QRV on DSTAR from the car. Finished with hf because the neighbors did not like my hf antennas. So I found mostly on REF001C and REF030C and so I tend to cry a little sporadic CQ on the other reflectorerna. Is also running on the DCS reflectoerna and run some qso in between.
Hi there,
Have been running the D-star since February 2012.
First, I start with my ID880H and my DVAP , which I bought from Mark at HRO in Atlanta. And drove many fine qso with stations around the world. And then it was on the old Reflectorers.
And in July 2012, I start driving with my DVRPTR from Germany Version number 1. I connected it with my Yaesu 897 and have run it at 70cm without problems. And has a range of around 10km. So I can run the mobile around Lidköping.
And now we are waiting DVRPTR Version 3 comes out in October 2013 for sales.
Have been running hard and driven many fine qso with stations around the world and got to know many nice radio amateurs.
Here are some various pictures of the equipment available for D-star
Here was the little pictures of different Dstar stuff.
And DSTAR are the best things that happened in amateur radio for many years, I think.
I saw a post for this amazing looking product on the Rasberry Pi D-Star Group. I'm always encouraged when I see development for third party D-Star hardware.
What you see here is the D-HAP (D-Star Ham Access Point) designed and built by Hardened Power Systems who are well known for their portable battery power systems.
The D-HAP is a small, rugged, self contained enclosure/power supply for a Raspberry Pi and DVAP Dongle.
Watch this short YouTube video that describes the development of the D-HAP, how the internal components are laid out and it's features.
For what you get, I think it is well worth the money. If you already have a Raspberry Pi and DVAP Dongle the D-HAP will provide a rugged, all-in-one solution for a D-Star HotSpot, complete with built in battery! All you need to do is provide an internet connection.
Here is a link to the Hardened Power Systems D-HAP web page.
ICOM will release 144&430MHz FM&DV transceiver. Late Feb 2014.
Building a D-Star Compatible Hotspot
If you have an ICOM D-Star radio but are not near a D-Star repeater, a Hotspot allows your radio to access DPlus-connected DStar repeaters and reflectors. Or you may just want to control how and where you link to other repeaters/reflectors, without disturbing other users of a nearby D-Star repeater. All you need is an analog radio that has a 9600 data port, or gives access to the FM discriminator and modulator. I put up the Hotspot because I already had a spare analog radio with Data port, as well as a spare laptop, so this option was incrementally less expensive than the popular DV Access Point or DVAP. In addition, I set my analog radio to 5 watts, giving me somewhat more range. A simplex (one radio) Hotspot can later be converted to a full duplex repeater, which I did a year later. There are several GMSK modem boards available, and reports on the internet indicate they all are good choices. Be sure to subscribe to the gmsk_dv_node Yahoo Group for information and help with Hotspots.
Here is how I set up and configured my Mini Hotspot. There's nothing new here -- it was all learned from the primary documentation available. This just assembles what I did in one place in case I or others need to do the same thing again. I will do my best to keep this up to date as new boards and software come out, but if you see that I'm missing something, please let me know.
I created a Simplex Hotspot with a Windows PC using the following components:
A GMSK Modem or GMSK Node Adapter board, sometimes also called a Mini Hot Spot. [Full disclosure: My first board was the NQSMHS from Mark Phillips. Worked great. I also have a DUTCH*Star HSA board, also excellent. I had the use of a Satoshi V7 board for a week, and it proved to work well also. I have also gotten into the business of distributing digital voice equipment, and my company markets the Star*Board from Matrix Circuits. Obviously I'm partial to that one, but I can honestly say all the boards listed here will do the job well.] The main sources are listed below -- I will only list vendors who sell boards for which there is firmware which the author will support on that board.
Firmware for the MHS board. Some boards come with the firmware loaded already, otherwise you'll need to load it yourself.
An analog FM transceiver (any brand) with access to the discriminator and without filtering of the transmitted audio. Typically radios with a 9600 bps Data port will work without modification. I have used a Kenwood TM-D700A and a Yaesu FT-817ND, but many others are in hotspot service.
Cables. You need two cables:
A USB cable. Different boards use different connectors, so check the board's manual. The NQSMHS and Star*Board use type A male to type B male. These are easy to find. I had a spare in the closet.
A radio cable. Again, different boards use different connectors, so check your User Manual. Most boards use a 9-pin DSub Female connector. The other end plugs into your radio's 9600 data port and typically is a 6-pin mini DIN. The V7 board expects a male 6-pin mini DIN. Pre-made cables are often sold by the board vendors. If you'd prefer to build your own DSub cable, click here for build instructions.
Gateway Software. I recommend any of the three popular hotspot applications: KB9KHM's DVAR Hot Spot, PA4YBR's WinDV and G4KLX's GMSKRepeater/ircDDBGateway. All run under Windows XP or higher, and the G4KLX programs can also be compiled for Linux.
Here is all it takes to get the Hotspot up and running:
Step 1 - registers the Hotspot callsigns on the DStar network. Step 2 - installs tools used to configure and test the hotspot board, and for Windows XP, a special USB driver that's needed. Step 3 - sets jumpers and optionally loads firmware onto the MHS board's computer chip. Step 4 - configures and tests the board using NAWinCFG and NAWinTEST. Step 5 - installs and configures your hotspot software (DVAR Hotspot, WinDV or G4KLX's Repeater and ircDDBGateway).
Step 1 - Registering the Hotspot on the D-Star network
You need to register at least one "terminal-id" at a D-Star repeater. Depending on how you decide to configure your Hotspot, you may need to register up to three terminal-ids. While the following terms won't make sense until you've made it through Step 5 of this document, I'll lay the rules out here. Note that what most of us call "Band Module" or "Port" is called "initial" on the registration screens.
Node Callsign with Band Module/initial must be registered as a terminal. If you call your Hotspot K1ABC with Band Module C, then "K1ABC C" must be registered as a terminal.
The MyCall in your D-Star HT or other radio must be registered. Usually people use their callsign with a blank band module.
There are no hard and fast rules about what to use for Band Module, and blank is allowed. But it is common to:
Use your callsign with blank band module/initial for MyCall.
Use the same (callsign with blank) for Hotspot software's Gateway Auth Callsign/AuthCall.
Use callsign with Band Module B or C for Hotspot software.
Whatever you use, each one must be a registered terminal-id.
Since it can take up to 24 hours for a callsign to propagate through the network, try to do this step before your board is ready for use.
Registration is a two step process. If you've never registered, read D-Star Self Registration Instructions and perform steps 1 through 6 of that document. Go to the Registration page of the D-Star repeater closest to you. Typically, if that repeater is KA6XXX, then it will have a DPlus Dashboard page (at http://ka6xxx.dstargateway.org/) with a link to its Registration page. When you receive the confirmation email, you can proceed.
Log on using your callsign (upper case) and password.
Click on the Personal Information tab (upper right of the main page). Shown below this section is what my entry looks like after I completed the updates.
You need one entry with a blank "Initial" column. If you've registered with a gateway in the past, that will already be there.
If you've never registered, do the following steps:
Click the check-box on the left of the 1st line.
Enter a blank (press the space bar) in the Initial box.
Do NOT click the RPT box.
Enter your callsign in the pcname box.
Create a 2nd terminal with "initial" C if your hotspot will be on 2 meters, or B if on 70cm.
Click on the check-box on the left of the next line.
In the Initial box, enter a B or C.
Do NOT click the RPT box.
Enter a unique pcname, for example <callsign>-b or <callsign>-c.
Click the Update button.
Here is an example of having entered several terminals. For simplex Hotspots, the "R" terminal isn't needed.
Step 2 - Install USB driver and NATools - for users with DUTCH*Star firmware
The following is done on the computer the Hotspot board will be connected to and where the DVAR Hot Spot or WinDV software will run. If possible, choose a computer with USB 2.0 ports. If your computer has only USB 3.0 ports, either get a powered USB 2.0 hub, or use another computer with USB 2.0 ports.
For Windows XP machines:
Go to http://www.dutch-star.eu/software/ - Under Drivers and Tools, find "NOTE: If you are installing ... on a Windows XP system, please also download this file..." Click on the "this file" link and download the winusb.zip file to a folder
Double-click on the winusb.zip file and select Extract all files. Let it extract to the default, which is a new winusb directory under where the zip is located.
Using My Computer or File Explorer, copy the extracted file "winusb.dll" to c:/Windows/System32
Under Drivers and Tools, click on the latest version of NAtools for Windows (32-bit). Save it to a folder of your choice (write the name down). The saved file is a .exe file.
Using My Computer or File Explorer, go to the above folder. You want to launch the .exe file (example: natools32-1.0.15.exe). For recent versions of Windows, including Windows 8, you must "Run as Administrator". (An easy way is to right-click on the exe file and choose "Run as Administrator".)
Step 3 - Set Jumpers and optionally install firmware
Set the jumpers on your board.
Star*Board (by Matrix, sold by MoenComm) - following jumper settings are the defaults as shipped; you should not need to change them:
SW1: 1+2 DCOS
SW2: 2+3 Normal SQL
SW3: 1+2 Always jumpered except when loading firmware
SW4: 2+3 RSSI Enabled (this puts the board in "Version 5" mode
MHS from DUTCH*Star (jumpers may depend on radio, the following are most common settings). These settings apply to MHS v 1.10, but probably will work for other versions:
SW1 jumper 1-2 (positive COS)
SW2 jumper 1-2 (Digital COS or D-COS)
SW3 jumper 2-3 (positive COS)
SW7 jumper 1-2 (power from USB)
NQSMHS (Mark Phillips) - though the default jumpers put the board in Version 4 mode, I recommend Version 5 mode:
SW1 jumper on MHS board should be DOWN -- looking down at board with connectors to right (USB powered).
SW2 jumper should be ON or bridged to adjacent pin. (Temporary for loading the firmware).
SW3 should be ON or connected to adjacent pin (Version 5 mode).
SW4 should be RIGHT (Version 5 mode).
Install firmware if needed. NOTE: Some boards come with firmware installed. Others include the license, but you need to download and install the firmware yourself. Skip this step if your board already has firmware installed.
Follow instructions. When 2nd email is received, get the serial number and add that to the http://www.dutch-star.eu license page.
Download the firmware to the folder where NATools is located, e.g. c:/Program Files/NATools/BIN (note: may be different for Vista and Windows 7 users).
The firmware file will be called node-<callsign>.hex, e.g. node-K6JM.hex.
Place the board into "Program" or bootloader mode. This varies by board. For the Star*Board, move the jumper from SW3 to the Program jumper. Use the board layout diagram on the back of the Star*Board manual to find SW3 and the Program pins.
Plug in USB cable to connect board to PC.USB Hubs may cause problems -- plug directly into your PC's USB 2.0 port.
Update firmware.
Start NAWinCFG. It will say "Node Adapter not detected". This is normal when in bootloader mode. Ignore this message and continue.
Under the Tools menu, select Update Firmware.
Click Browse and select the .hex firmware file.
On the Update Firmware window, click the "Update EEprom data" box -- this is normally done only the first time and is important.
Click Update. When done, the Status message should say "Update Succeeded!". Click Close.
Remove USB cable
Remove the program jumper (and place it on it's normal jumper, as appropriate).
Step 4 - Run NAWinCFG and NAWinTEST to configure and test the board
It's helpful to read the Dutch-Star Hot Spot manual, section 4.
Configure
Connect the board to the radio with appropriate cable.
Using USB cable, connect board to PC. Depending on the version of your board, there may be a green LED lit indicating the board is powered up. If this is the first time a board with DUTCH*Star firmware has been plugged into this PC, Windows will see the new hardware and configure the driver installed back in Step 2 when you did a complete install of NATools.
Set the analog radio for simplex mode on an appropriate frequency. Set power to lowest setting.
Start NAWinCFG.
If the program can find your board, it will display the version of firmware it is running. If it can't, most likely there is a USB driver problem. Check NATools documentation. This is what the initial screen looks like with a board running PA4YBR's firmware:
You may want to set Delay Time to 250 or 300 milliseconds.
I recommend you disable AutoPolarity, then find the correct Inverts settings so the firmware doesn't try to make that decision each time.
Click on Mode. The following settings are suggested. Do NOT check COS Check, which means the firmware will operate in SoftCOS mode (normally the best way of knowing when a valid D-Star signal is being received).
Board specific notes:
Star*Board:
Check only CRC Check, Last Frame, Half Duplex and RSSI Report
It's CRITICAL that RSSI Report be checked if SW4 is set as recommended to 2+3
NQSMHS -RSSI Report must be checked, since in step 3.a we set jumpers for V5 mode. (The board's jumpers and the firmware's RSSI Report must match. RSSI Report enabled means V5 mode.)
DUTCH*Star MHS - The new MHS board default to V5 mode, so check the RSSI Report box.
Click Save, then Close
Test
Turn on your DStar radio. Set to DV mode to same simplex frequency as the analog radio.
Start NAWinTEST. It should display the Firmware name, similar to the following:
Click on RF Read. Then click on Start. Using your DStar radio, transmit a test message. The RF Header section should display MyCall and YourCall. Normally, RPT1 and 2 will show "DIRECT". This is a feature of ICOM DStar radios in simplex mode. The window will look like this:
If the RF Header section is not filled in, you may have to try RX Invert in NAWinCFG.
If RF Header info is being received, the line after the occasional blank line should display in green most of the time. Adjust the RX pot on the MHS board if the RF Header or the data after blank lines is not green.
Click Stop, then Close. Click Echo Test, then Start. Transmit on your DStar radio. When you stop transmitting, the NAWinTEST software will transmit your callsign, then a welcome message (defaults to PA4YBR's recorded message), followed by your just-recorded voice played back. If the RF Header information, or the echo test does not sound correct, adjust the TX pot on the MHS board.
If your D-Star radio can decode nothing, not even garbled audio, then go back to NAWinCFG and toggle the TX Invert setting, Save and try EchoTest again and re-do step 8 and adjust the TX trimpot.
If you have a NQSMHS V2 board, you may find the TX audio level is too low. To fix, Mark G7LTT offers this solution: "simply clip the right hand leg of the TX pot (with sockets facing right) and your TX drive will be restored."
When all is working, click Stop, then Close, then on the main window, click Close again.
Step 5 - Install and configure hotspot software
There are several excellent software applications for your hotspot. This is the Windows software that links your GMSK Node Adapter to the internet. I can recommend all of the following:
WinDV (also known as DV Node for Windows) by Fred van Kempen, PA4YBR. This is a full-featured Windows application. It supports several linking protocols (D-Plus, D-Extra and DCS). You can optionally configure an ircDDB gateway that supports callsign routing. WinDV also supports DTMS tones for controlling linking and other functions over RF. Click here for how to install and configure WinDV.
DStarRepeater and ircDDBGateway by Jonathan Naylor, G4KLX. These Open Source programs are provided as Windows install packages, or as source for complilation to the Linux distro of your choice. Together, these programs are full-featured and have become very popular. They run very well on very inexpensive PC hardware, including the $35 Raspberry Pi under Linux. Click here for how to install and configure G4KLX on the Raspberry Pi.
Note: I plan to add additional details for installing and configuring WinDV and the G4KLX programs. Please check back here later.
This completes setup and configuration. Enjoy!
Jim - K6JM
D-Star® is a registered trademark used for communication equipment (repeaters and transceivers) for amateur radio communications, and owned by Icom Incorporated.
Converting a D-Star Hotspot to a Full Duplex Repeater
If you have a gmsk modem and put up a D-Star Compatible Hotspot, it is quite easy to convert this simplex system to a full duplex repeater that supports DPlus linking to other repeaters, reflectors and often to Hotspots, DVAPs and DV Dongles. With other software, this same equipment can become an ICOM G2-compatible repeater that supports Callsign Routing.
Here's all you need:
Another analog radio with 9600 baud Data port, or direct access to the Rx radio's discriminator and the Tx radio's modulator
Cable to connect the GMSK Node adapter to the two radios
Duplexer to isolate the Rx radio from the transmitted signal (required of all same-band repeaters)
Appropriate PC and software (which you already have if you are converting an existing Hotspot)
Internet connection
Details:
Callsign -- I recommend you get a separate callsign for your D-Star Compatible repeater. This is required if your chosen software is the G4ULF StarGate gateway. While not absolutely required when using DVAR software, things will be simpler if your repeater has its own callsign, and if you later move to G4ULF StarGate, the callsign will already be set up. Note to US hams -- A club requires only 3 other people besides yourself to get started. Click here for easy guidance on setting up a small ham club and requesting a club callsign
D-Star registration -- You need to register your club callsign with a nearby D-Star repeater, and set up at least one "terminal" with a blank "initial". This is documented on the Building a D-Star Compatible Hotspot page, Step 1. In Step 1.d, create the "blank" terminal. You can create a 2nd terminal with initial of "R", or you can keep it simple and just use the "blank" terminal for authentication. There really are no standards for this.
Duplexer -- This is not a D-Star issue, since all repeaters require at least a duplexer. If you are setting up a "garage repeater" in a low-RF area, you can probably get away with an inexpensive "mobile" duplexer. I got mine on eBay from seller "mega409shop" for $90 tuned to my frequency pair and shipping included. Running 35 watts, I have experienced very little desense in the receiver. On eBay, search for "50W UHF Duplexer" or "50W VHF Duplexer". Prices will vary.
Caution: Inexpensive duplexers normally provide about 75 db isolation between Rx and Tx. When running 50 watts or less, this is probably ok. This type of duplexer requires a split of at least 3.5 mHz for VHF, or 5.0 mHz for UHF. If you are hoping to get your repeater coordinated in the US, this split may or may not be acceptable to the coordinators.
If your repeater will be located at a high-RF location, for example on a commercial repeater tower, an inexpensive duplexer will not work for you. You will need a high quality duplexer with 100 db or more isolation and possibly other equipment. You can get lots of info from the internet, such asRepeater-Builder website.
Computer -- Your computer doesn't need to be large or fast. I started out using an older laptop, but decided since the PC would be on 24 hours a day, I should get something that consumes minimal power. I built a small, inexpensive PC using a Mini ITX form-factor motherboard. There are many which will work. I got an Intel BOXD510MO board with Atom CPU, 1 GB memory, for the "hard disk" I got a cheap 4 GB Compact Flash card and a CF SATA adapter. I already had a KVM switch so I use the same keyboard, monitor and mouse that my main computer uses. The entire cost of this PC was about USD 180. It uses 26 watts of mains power. Note: some people get an inexpensive solid-state disk unit. The goal is to have as few moving parts as possible.
My software for now is DVAR Hot Spot, so I needed to load Windows to my new PC, and I wanted a slimmed-down Windows installation. In addition, since Compact Flash cards have a lifetime limit in write operations, I wanted Windows to avoid all hard disk writes during normal operation. This page explains how I did that.
Software -- you have a choice, but for this page I'll assume you will use DVAR Hot Spot by Mark McGregor KB9KHM. You can get his software fromhttp://www.dutch-star.eu/software/ -- scroll down to DVAR HotSpot and select the latest version. If you haven't already, refer to Step 5 on Building a D-Star Compatible Hotspot.
Cable -- Since I already had a simplex hotspot with a gmsk board to radio cable, I built a simple cable that plugs into that cable and the two radios.
From the local electronics store I got 1) a ps/2 keyboard/mouse extension cable (6 pin mini DIN female on one end, male on the other) and 2) another one, though any cable with a male 6 pin mini DIN on one end will work. I cut both in two and tossed one of the halves with a 6 pin male connector on it. I stripped insulation and used a VOM to identify which color wire went with which pin. So there are 3 cables, one with a female connector, two with males. The resulting Y-cable plugs into the end of the gmsk node adapter cable and the Y-pigtails plug into the Tx and Rx radios. Using the pin numbering shown here: 6 pin mini DIN connectors -- that is, both female and male connectors are facing you with the slot or notch at the top, wires coming out the back. Label one of the male cables Tx, the other Rx.Female Pin Male Pins 1 - Tx 1 (Tx audio to transmitter) 3 - Tx 3 (PTT to transmitter) 5 - not connected
6 - Rx 6 (COS/Squelch from receiver)(If you'd prefer to build a single cable with a 9-pin DSub, the pin numbers are described on page 9 of the DUTCH*Star MHS manual.)
4 - Rx 4 (Rx audio from receiver)
2 - Rx 2, Tx 2 (ground, from both transmitter & receiver)
Configuration
Step 1 - Connect the cable and configure the radios
Connect the female connector to the Hotspot cable from the gmsk node adapter board. Be sure to plug the male cable marked Tx into the transmit radio, and the one marked Rx into the receive radio.
Tune the Rx and Tx radios to their respective frequencies, and depending on radio, set packet mode, etc. If using a radio that's never been in Hotspot or repeater service, check the Radio Files folder in the Files section of the gmsk_dv_node Yahoo Group website for advice on how to configure.
Step 2 - Run NAWinCFG to configure for Full Duplex
Load NAWinCFG
Click on Mode
Un-check the Half Duplex box
Note: see Building a D-Star Compatible Hotspot, steps 3.a and 7, for info regarding RSSI Report. Most boards are configured for "version 4" mode, so RSSI Report should not be checked. If you have a NQSMHS board and have set the jumpers for V5 mode, then check RSSI Report box here.
Click SAVE and exit the program
Step 3 - Run NAWinTest
Then run NAWinTest and check out both the RF Read and the Echo Test functions.
Step 4 - Change the DVAR Hot Spot settings to Repeater mode
In the DVAR Hot Spot software, disconnect, then go to Edit/Settings.
Fill in YOUR repeater's callsign (not the one in the screen shot) for Node Callsign. Choose the "Band Module" or port you plan to call it.
For the Gateway Auth Callsign, if you created only the "blank" terminal, then fill in your repeater's callsign. If you created a 2nd "R" terminal, then enter your callsign, then enough spaces so "R" is in the 8th position.
Set Operating Mode to Repeater, and check the Require proper RPT1 and RPT2 boxes.
Then click Save.
Exit DVAR
Step 5 - Test it out
Startup DVAR
Transmit with a D-Star radio The repeater should repeat.
NOTE when you let up on PTT, you may hear the last few words of the transmission come back at you. This is normal and is only heard by the person who just transmitted. You can also play with the Tx Delay setting in the firmware if you want.
That's it!
Note: I recommend you set DVAR's Callsign Server Settings to DUTCH*Star NLroot, so your repeater's callsign will show up on other DVAR hotspots who might want to connect or link directly to your repeater. There is also a trick that DVAP and Dongle owners can do so they will also see HotSpots and DVAR Repeaters. This trick is documented at DUTCH*Star DPNS (click on the DPNS button).
My DPlus Repeater consists of:
GMSK node adapter (started out with NQSMHS from Mark Phillips G7LTT, now using Matrix Circuits' Star*Board) - $120
PC built from Intel D510MO mini ITX board, Atom CPU, 1GB ram, 4GB Compact Flash card in SATA adapter - with case/ps about $180
Duplexer - mobile size 6 cavity 75 db isolation - $90
Spare radios (currently) Kenwood D700 TX, Maxtrac 300 for RX
Software - DVAR Hot Spot, with plans to convert to WinDV to enable the ircDDB support
Total incremental cost: $390 (new PC) or $210 (using spare PC) - in both cases using spare analog radios and an existing antenna and coax.
Jim - K6JM
D-Star® is a registered trademark used for communication equipment (repeaters and transceivers) for amateur radio communications, and owned by Icom Incorporated.
MoenComm is a distributor of products for Digital Amateur Radio located in Northern California, USA. Our focus is on digital voice products compatible with D-STAR*. Our goal is to provide superb customer service -- ordering, rapid shipping and great customer support. We'll do our best to keep our products in stock for immediate shipment. No more paying for a product, then waiting and waiting to receive it.
Our main product is a DV Modem, also called a GMSK Node Adapter or GMSK Modem, used by amateur radio operators to build a D-Star compatible Hotspot or full duplex repeater. For a Hotspot, all you need is this small board, an analog transceiver and a PC with internet.
Professionally built -- Not a kit
Designed and assembled at Matrix Circuits' state of the art SMT facility
Matrix Circuits offers printed circuit board Design, Assembly and Test services at their location in New London, Iowa, USA. Their Star*Board(tm) comes with a verifiable, supported license for the well-known DUTCH*Star firmware and support tools. This board is small! Only 15mm (H) x 67mm (W) x 51mm (L) -- .6" x 2.64" x 2.01"
This GMSK Node Adapter can be used to create a D-Star Compatible Hotspot or even a low-cost full duplex D-Star compatible repeater. It's fun and easy. Let's say you have a D-Star radio, but you don't have perfect access to your closest D-Star repeater. A Hotspot at your QTH allows your D-Star radio to access connected repeaters and/or reflectors worldwide using any analog radio that has a high speed data/packet port, this GMSK Modem, a PC and an internet connection. See Building a D-Star Compatible Hotspot for more information. When your board arrives, also check Recommended Jumpers and Firmware Settings.
This board uses a 3' standard "GMSK cable," with a 9-pin DSub connector to the board, and a 6 pin Mini DIN connector for most ham transceivers with a 9600 Data jack. We have these in stock at a good price, or you can build your own - click here. We also offer different length USB Type A to Type B cables, to connect your Star*Board to your PC.
Note: Larry WW6USA, a long time D-Star guy, found that the Star*Board fits in an Altoids tin. As many of you know, this little box is often used by QRP homebrewers as an enclosure for their projects.
* D-Star® is a registered trademark used for communication equipment (repeaters and transceivers) for amateur radio communications, and owned by Icom Incorporated.
the wireless digital access to the world-wide D-Star repeater network
A Hot-Spot is a radio station which allows access to a network, well known from WLAN technologies.
D-Star uses repeaters which are linked via the internet. This hot spot board is also connected to the internet (via a PC) and cann access any D-Star Repeater running the d-plus software (which are most of them).
On the other side the hot spot is connected to a transceivers which must have a 9k6 connector.
When the linked D-Star repeater transmits voice, then this digital voice is also transferred through the internet to the hot spot. The hot spot sends this signal to the transceiver which transmits it on any legal simplex frequency. Using a usual D-Star radio (i.e. the IE91 or others) we can hear this transmission.
This is very interesting if a station wants to speak on a D-Star repeater which is out of range for direct qsos. This makes the hot spot ideal for areas without D-Star repeaters.
I'm using the hot spot primarily for QSOs at home with the IE-91. I can only access a D-Star repeater with very big antennas. There is no chance to use a hand held transceiver. The hot spot solves this problem.
Where to get the hot spot:
PCBs and programmed PICs are available from Satoshi 7M3TJZ/AD6GZ , the inventor of this perfect development: http://d-star.dyndns.org/rig.html.en Simple write an e-mail to Satoshi with an order for boards and you will receive the boards in a very short time for a good price. You will also receive a special internet page showing all required information to build the hot spot.
Additionally you need the PC software which talks to the board and links it to a D-Star Repeater. This software was written by Mark, KB9KHM and is avialable for download in the yahoo group: gmsk_dv_node.
This is a short report how I built this hot spot:
This is the component side of the hot spot board. The big chip on the left is the CMX589A GMSK modem chip. It is available from electronic distributors. In Germany I got it from SE-Elektronik.
I have connected the hot spot board to an old Standard C5608 transceiver which was extended with a 9k6 access (see this link).
For best performance I did this modifications on the hot spot board:
remove C4 (330p)
mount 100nF in series with pot VR1 to block DC voltages from the transceiver
R8 = 100 kOhms
set VR1 to get 100 mVpp at pin 7 of U3
set VR2 to get 100 mVpp at pin 1 of U3
C10 = 47 uF
This is the solder side. You can see the additional 100 nF (SMD) capacitor.
The board connected for testing:
I built the hot spot board into a metal case. This is important since the board radiates on the crystal frequencies and harmonics.
I always use chich plugs for all signals. This makes it very flexible if I want to connect the devices in different ways without the need of soldering cables.
Front and rear side of the ready built hot spot:
Here it is, ready and fully operational together with the Standard C-5608.
Single-sideband, repeaters, packet radio, and microprocessor technology all took radio to new levels. Now D-STAR’s protocols are opening up new possibilities for casual users, system builders, group leaders, and good, old ham radio experimentation. Just ashighspeed digital networks led to brand-new ways to communicate, D-STAR brings digital systems to the amateur bands to create entirely new radio systems and services. Turn the page and discover a whole new perspective on amateur radio....
*The contents for this fearure are authorised by Icom America
D-STAR, For the Second Century of Amateur Radio
D-STAR stands for Digital Smart Technology for Amateur Radio. The purpose of D-STAR is to allowHAM Radio operators to speak further and clearer using digital voice while sending data from 1200BPS on up at the same time. The D-STAR system covers communications on HF, VHF, and UHFradio bands while defining interfaces for both radios, repeaters, Internet interconections, and PC interfaces.
According to Icom America: D-STAR transfers both voice and data via digital encoding over the 2 m (VHF), 70 cm (UHF), and 23 cm (1.2 GHz) amateur radio bands. Voice is encoded as a 3600 bit/s data stream using AMBE* encoding. Data streams are sent at 9600 bit/s over the 2 m and 70 cm bands and at 128k bps over the 23 cm band. Radios providng data service use a RS-232 or USB connection for low speed data and Ethernet for high speed connections to allow easy interfacing with computer equipment.
*NOTE: AMBE is an acronym for "Advanced Multi-Band Excitation": A speech coding standard developed by Digital Voice Systems, Inc. It is used by the Inmarsat and Iridium satellite telephony systems, certain channels on XM Satellite Radio,G4GUO protocol for high frequency amateur radio and is the vocoder for OpenSky Trunked Radio Systems.
ARE YOU D-STAR READY? CLICK THE D-STAR READY ICON BELOW FOR D-STAR CALL SIGN REGISTRATION SO YOU CAN BE D-STAR READY TOO!
Cecil (WD6FZA) introduces D-Star to PARC
D-Star Compatable Equipment
Although Icom is the first to support D-STAR, any company can produce equipment to support this protocol. The equipment known to interoperate with D-STAR systems includes:
Radios
ICOM ID-1 - 1200 MHz (23 cm) Digital Tranceiver
ICOM ID-800H - VHF (2 m) & UHF (70 cm) Digital Tranceiver
ICOM IC-92AD - VHF & UHF Handheld Tranceiver (not yet FCC approved, expected to be available in early 2008)
ICOM IC-V82 - VHF Handheld Transceiver
ICOM IC-U82 - UHF Handheld Transceiver
ICOM IC-2200H - VHF Mobile Transceiver
Repeaters
ICOM ID-RP2C - Controller
ICOM ID-RP2V - 1.2 GHz (23 cm) Voice Repeater
ICOM ID-RP2D - 1.2 GHz (23 cm) Data Repeater
ICOM ID-RP2000V - UHF (70 cm) Voice Repeater
ICOM ID-RP4000V - VHF (2 m) Voice Repeater
Definition of Terms Associated with D-Star
Definitions
Air Link: The portion of data transmission that takes place as a radio signal. The D-STAR air link includes both modulation methods and data packet construction.
Area: The geographical region served by one D-STAR repeater.
Authorization: Adding a user to the D-STAR registry.
Bridge: A connection between just two devices, such as between two ID-1 transceivers.
Client: A program that requests data (programs, Web pages, documents, etc.) from servers.
Codec: Code/Decode, a circuit or program that translates an analog signal to and from digital form, usually refers to an audio signal, such as voice or music. Different codecs, such as AMBE or MP3, have different rules for the translation between analog and digital.
Controller: The part of a D-STAR repeater that handles and routes the voice and data streams either between modules or between modules and the gateway.
DD (Digital Data): The D-STAR high-speed digital data signal.
DV (Digital Voice): The D-STAR digital voice + low-speed data signal.
EchoLink®: (www.echolink.org/) and IRLP (Internet Relay Linking Project -www.irlp.net/ systems that allow repeaters to share digitized voice signals using Voice-Over-Internet Protocol (VOIP) technology.
Encapsulate: To incorporate data packets from one protocol inside the data packets of another.
Ethernet: The set of protocols that control local area network (LAN) connections, described by the IEEE 802.3 standard.
FEC: Forward Error Correction, the process of adding information to data so that the receiver can correct errors caused by the transmission process.
Gateway: The part of a D-STAR repeater that connects the controller to other gateways via the Internet.
IP: Internet Protocol, the protocol that controls how data packets are exchanged on the Internet.
IMBE: (Improved Multi Band Excitation) is a proprietary vocoder developed by Digital Voice Systems, Inc. (DVSI).
Module: A D-STAR module is the part of a D-STAR repeater that implements voice or data communication over the air.
Register: Capture the call sign of a received signal and post it to the system registry for other D-STAR repeaters to use for the purposes of routing calls.
Registry: A shared data base of authorized user call signs and gateways.
Route: To direct data packets to specific destinations.
Server: A computer that supplies data (programs, Web pages, documents, etc.) to clients when requested.
vocoder: (name derived from voice encoder, formerly also called voder) is aspeech analyzer and synthesizer. It was originally developed as a speech coder fortelecommunications applications in the1930s, the idea being to code speech for transmission. Its primary use in this fashion is for secure radio communication, where voice has to be digitized, encrypted and then transmitted on a narrow, voice-bandwidth channel. The vocoder has also been used extensively as an electronic musical instrument.
Zone: A group of D-STAR repeaters linked together and connected to other D-STAR systems by a single gateway.
D-Star San Diego Group Ushering in a New Era
It was back in late August 2006 that Bob Randall, KE6YRU, first introduced his digital UHF repeater to the San Diego amateur radio community. That first repeater consisted of two ID-800H dual-band mobiles and an analog repeater controller set up on his coordinated frequency pair. While it was modest at best, it did give us a taste of what digital communications can bring to us. That first repeater renewed interest in digital communications, and Bob made presentations to various clubs in the area to demonstrate his repeater.
Those first steps were significant because it laid the foundation for what has now become theD-Star San Diego Group. This group, consisting of a Bob and a few local area amateur radio operators, made the investment in what promises to be a first for San Diego amateur radio. That two-mobile repeater has been replaced with a full-blown D-Star repeater, intergrating digital voice and digital data on that UHF frequency pair. Soon to follow are digital repeaters on 2 meters as well as 1.2GHz.
In October of 2007, Bob moved from San Diego, CA to Indianapolis, IN. Instead of taking his repeater with him, he worked a deal with thePAPA SYSTEM to maintain the repeater on Mt. Woodson. The new ownership was a tremendous boost for D-Star in San Diego as Mt. Woodson now becomes an integral part of the PAPA SYSTEM's D-Star line-up, covering southern California with 6 D-Star repeaters (now 3 in San Diego County). The Mt. Woodson D-Star repeater was be the first in San Diego with access to the D-Star Gateway, ushering in a whole new chapter in San Diego D-Star History.Soon to follow was the Palomar Mountain D-Star repeater, also with gateway access, and finally the Mt. Otay D-Star repeater (no gateway at this time).
The frequency for the Mt Woodson D-Star repeater is 447.840 (-) and the call is KI6KQU B. The frequency for the Palomar MountainD-Star Repeater is 445.860 (-) and the call is KI6MGN B. The frequency for the Mt. Otay D-Star Repeater is 446.980 (-) and the call is KW6HRO B.
Hope to hear you on the Mt. Woodson KI6KQU B D-Star repeater!
Open invitation to join us on Tuesday evenings for the D-Star San Diego Group's Tuesday Night Tech Net on the KI6KQU_B Mt. Woodson Repeater
Click on image for ID-800H information and Specifications
This is the radio I am currently using for D-Star communications and experiments in the shack. The ID-800H features:
D-STAR Digital Voice Capability
Encode/Decode
9600 BPS Packet Ready
500 Alpha Memories (6 character)
Built-In Duplexer
FM Narrow capability
GPS position exchange with external GPS
Weather Alert
Three Output Levels
Detachable Control Head
Extended Receive
16 DTMF Memories
Digital vs. Analog Voice & Text messaging demonstration
A Brief Explanation of local D-PRS project
DSTARUSERS.ORG INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEO FROM ICOM RADIO NEWS
The Icom IC-92AD is a rugged 5 watt dualband HT with D-STAR built-in! Three RF power levels are available. It is built military tough and is submersible (1 meter 30 minutes). The 92AD features a multi-line display andkeypadentry. Connect the optional HM-175GPS speaker mic to transmit position data - perfect for SAR.
NOTE: The photo above is a design drawing. Production radios may look different. Information shown is preliminary and subject to change. More information will be posted shortly. Availability is slated for late 2007. The price has not been announced.09/25/07
IcomInterface is now called DstarInterface - DstarTNC2 These programs, written by Pete Loveall (AE5PL), allow D-STAR users to use their radios as APRS trackers. The DstarInterface converts received D-STAR GPS position reports to the APRS format and sends them to the APRS-IS. DstarTNC2 lets you use an APRS-IS enabled client, like UI-View or Xastir, with the GPS position reporting feature of D-STAR radios.
Yaesu FT-2DR C4FM 144/430 MHz Dual Band Digital Handheld Transceiver with 1.7″ Touch Screen Display
This exciting leading edge Transceiver is designed with ease of use in mind now packing an oversized back-lit touch panel display. At 1.7-inches the high resolution touch screen display provides loads of information through an easily navigable interface, providing stress-free operability and a high level of on-screen visibility for the FT2DR operator.
The advanced FT2DR is loaded with various new features including: 700 mW of clear loud audio, Built-in High Sensitivity 66 ch GPS with antenna, 1200 bps / 9600 bps APRS® function, Dual watch (V/V, U/U/, V/U), Dual Monitor (C4FM Digital/C4FM Digital), GPS Logging/Recording capabilities, Water resistant (IPX5 Rating), microSD Card Slot, 2200mAh high capacity Li-Ion battery and Battery charger included as a standard supplied accessory.
Analog/C4FM Dual Monitor (V+V/U+U/V+U)
With two independent receivers for both Analog and digital, you can listen to either the same or different bands simultaneously.
Loud Vibrant Audio
with 700mW of Loud, Crisp and Clear audio the FT2-DR is the perfect choice for noisy and crowded environments.
Wide Band Receiver
Covers from 500kHz to 999.990MHz, continuous reception for Short-wave, FM/AM broadcasts, analog TV stations, audio aircraft, public service channels, etc. (Cellular band blocked)
1200/9600bps APRS® Data Communication
The built-in worldwide standard AX.25 Data TNC Modem permits uncomplicated APRS® (Automatic Packet Reporting System) operation. You will be able to display the information, station list; and use the message, SmartBeaconing TM function . You will be able to track your APRS® movement on the Internet websites.
Digital Group Monitor Function
The digital GM function automatically checks whether members registered in a group are within communication range, and displays information such as distance and direction for each call sign on the screen. This convenientfunction makes it possible not only to see whether any friends are in communication range, but also to instantaneously determines the location and relationship between all members of the group.
This function can also be used to send messages and data such as images between members of a group, permitting convenient and fun communication between friends when out for a drive or hike. Sent and received messages and images can be checked on the LOG List screen, with icons making them easy to distinguish.
Backtrack Function to Return to Departure Point
This function allows navigation back to the departure point, or a point previously added to the memory. When hiking or camping, just register the starting point or the position of your tent and then you can constantly check the direction and distance from your current position. The arrow of the compass display constantly shows the direction to the registered point, making it extremely convenient in finding your way back to the registered place – just move in the direction so that the arrow in the heading-up display points straight upward.
Snapshot Picture Taking Capability
When using the handy speaker microphone camera (optional MH-85A11U), press the shutter button to capture a snapshot, then press the image transmit button to easily transmit the image data.
The snapshot image or received data is stored in a high capacity micro SD card that is installed in the radio. You can recall and send that image data from the SD card anytime. The image data size is 320 x 240 dots or 160 x 120 dots. Image quality can set from 3 types, and you can choose a format that is suitable for the image and purpose.
This image data also retains a time record and the GPS location data of the snapshot. It is easy to view and edit the data file after taking the pictures by using a personal computer.
A snapshot aids in navigating and returning to the pictured location; other various uses are possible.
Automatic Mode Selection (AMS)
The Automatic Mode Select function detects the receive signal mode The transceiver automatically selects one of the four communication modes according to the signal received. This is extremely convenient when listening for communications, as you do not need to be aware of the other party’s communication mode. The transceiver can also be operated in a fixed communication mode.
Four (4) Communication Modes
The FT-2DR operates in one traditional analog mode and three digitalmodes! Enjoy communication in the mode that best suits your needs. purpose.
1. V/D Mode (Simultaneous Voice/Data Communication Mode) Half of the bandwidth is used for voice signal with error correction. The transceiver uses powerful error correction technology developed for professional communication devices. The very effective error correctioncode provides benefits such as minimal interruption of communication. The basic digital C4FM FDMA mode provides a good balance between sound quality and error correction.
2. Voice FR Mode (Voice Full Rate Mode) This mode uses the entire 12.5 kHz bandwidth to transmit digital voice data. The larger voice data size allows voice communication with high sound quality. Use this mode for pleasing sound quality communication between amateur radio friends.
3. Data FR Mode (High-speed Data Communication Mode) A high-speed data communication mode that uses the entire 12.5 kHz bandwidth for data communication. The transceiver automatically switches to this mode when sending and receiving images, allowing a large amount of data to be transmitted quickly.
4. Analog FM Mode Analog FM is effective for communication with a weak signal that causes voices to break up in the digital modes. The analog mode allows communication even at distances where noise and weak signals make communication almost impossible. The tried-and-trusted low-power circuit design uses less battery power than the digital modes.
5 Watts Solid RF Power
The FT-2DR outputs a maximum of 5 Watts of clean RF power, with selectable power-saving choices of 2 Watts, and ½ Watt also being available with a simple touch of the screen.
High Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery
With a high capacity 7.2v 2200 mAh battery pack (SBR-14LI) every operator can enjoy reduced charge time, and extended periods of talk time in between charging cycles.
Integrated 66ch High Sensativity GPS
Integral GPS receiver and antenna (located on top of the radio) provides location, time, direction and APRS® information. The FT1DR has a very useful GPS data transmission capability.
Smart Navigation Function
This is a real-time navigation function that records the location and direction of Group Monitor (GM) stations. Digital V/D Mode communicates information such as position data at the same time as the voice signal, allowing you to view the distance and direction of the other party in real time while communicating. This makes it possible to confirm your position and the other party’s in situations such as hiking and driving where your positions are constantly changing, providing an easy way to meet up or join routes.
Circuit Type: NFM/ AM:Double-Conversion Superheterodyne FM /AM Radio: Direct-Conversion Modulation Type: F1D, F2D, F3E, F7W RF Power Output: 5 W (@ 7.4 V or EXT DC) Channels: 1245 Waterproof Rating: IPX5 Case Size(W x H x D): 62 x 110 x 32.5 mm (w/ SBR-14LI, w/o Knob and Antenna) 62 x 110 x 27 mm (w/o SBR-14LI, Knob and Antenna) Weight: 310 g With SBR-14LI and Antenna
